27.04.04_08Cyber Physical Systems and Technologies

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate physical objects, computational subsystems and controllers into a unified whole. They enable interaction between digital and physical processes through feedback loops: computations affect the physical world and vice versa. CPS represent more than just large-scale automated systems — they embody a symbiosis of engineering (mechanical, electrical, biological) and computer models. Technologically, they are connected with IoT, Industry 4.0, M2M, cloud and fog computing. Their design requires novel cybernetic approaches as modeling plays a crucial role in their development.